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Prevalence, Characteristics and Clonal Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Following the Swine Production Stages, and Potential Risks to Humans
In conclusion, ESBL/AmpC-EC was distributed throughout the swine production stages, with the highest prevalence in the weaning stage. The CTX-M was present in all stages, while CMY was mostly found in growing-finishing stages. The swine ESBL/AmpC-EC was identified to harbor shared clone types with human ESBL/AmpC-EC and a virulent profile posing potential risk to humans. Considering the possibility of genetic and clonal distribution of ESBL/AmpC-EC among swine production stages, this study suggests the need for strategies considering the production system to control the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in swine farms.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 21, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

αvβ3 Integrin and fibronectin expressions and their relation to estrogen and progesterone during placentation in swine.
Abstract Mammalian pregnancy requires specific interactions between the conceptus and its mother that involve the endocrine system and adhesion molecules. The relation between adhesion molecules and their ligands at the fetal-maternal interface is crucial for developing a successful implantation. Progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) secreted by the porcine conceptus are required for the relation to be established. We investigated the expression of αvβ3 integrin and its ligand, fibronectin (FN), at the placental interface, and E2 and P4 concentrations in both serum and maternal and fetal placental extracts during ...
Source: Biotechnic and Histochemistry - December 7, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Vélez C, Barbeito C, Koncurat M Tags: Biotech Histochem Source Type: research

Swine Flu Vaccination Does Not Increase Risk Of Miscarriage
The idea that the swine flu vaccine given to Norwegian women in 2009 increased their risk of pregnancy loss has been dismissed as false according to a recent study carried out in The New England Journal of Medicine. Swine flu is a highly contagious respiratory disease of pigs, spread by direct and indirect contact. Its symptoms are very similar to those of a typical seasonal flu: body aches, cough, chills, temperature, headache and sore throat. Detection of the disease is often overlooked unless experts are specifically searching for it...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 18, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Swine Flu Source Type: news

Control of a Reassortant Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus Outbreak in an Intensive Swine Breeding Farm: Effect of Vaccination and Enhanced Farm Management Practices
Conclusions Although our study design was sub-optimal for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention, we provided suggestive evidence that H1N1pdm-targeted vaccination in sows/gilts, enhanced biosecurity, lengthening of weaning cycles, and constrains in cross-fostering of piglets may prove useful in controlling a reassortant H1N1pdm outbreak in an intensive swine breeding farm without possibility of applying an all-in/all-out system. Maternally-derived immunity was elicited and further virus circulation in piglets dropped to undetectable levels, while keeping farm productivity at full. The present field study also su...
Source: PLOS Currents Outbreaks - April 13, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Lapo Mughini-Gras Source Type: research

Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets
In this study, we infected pregnant first parity gilts in their first, second and third trimesters of gestation with PEDV to determine the impact of stage of gestation on generation of maternal B-cell immunity, the gut-MG-sIgA axis and lactogenic immune protection in PEDV challenged piglets. Our goal was to identify innate and adaptive immune factors during pregnancy that influence lymphocyte trafficking, in addition to immune correlates of lactogenic immune protection in neonatal suckling piglets. Understanding the impact of stage of gestation at PEDV infection or exposure on maternal immunity will allow more precise mate...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter coli From Swine May Pose a Potential Threat to Public Health Based on Its Quinolone Resistance, Virulence Potential, and Genetic Relatedness
In conclusion, quinolone resistance of C. coli may be distributed throughout in all swine groups in farms. HAT C. coli is likely to remain in pig farms and re-infect other pigs in the farms. Furthermore, swine-derived HAT C. coli could be transmitted to humans easily through the food chain owing to its aerotolerance, and it could pose a threat to public health owing to its high-level ciprofloxacin resistance and virulence. This study highlights the need to develop management practices that prevent the transmission of swine-derived HAT C. coli to humans.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The new emerging ovine Pestivirus can infect pigs and confers strong protection against classical swine fever virus
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Apr 25. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14119. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSeveral emerging pestiviruses have been reported lately, some of which have proved to cause disease. Recently, a new ovine pestivirus (OVPV), isolated from aborted lambs, with high genetic identity to classical swine fever virus (CSFV), has proved to induce reproductive disorders in pregnant ewes. OVPV also generated strong serological and molecular cross-reaction with CSFV. To assess the capacity of OVPV to infect swine, twelve piglets were infected either by intranasal or intramuscular route. Daily clinical evaluation and weekly sam...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 25, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jos é Alejandro Bohórquez Enrica Sozzi Miaomiao Wang M ònica Alberch Xavier Abad Alessandra Gaffuri Davide Lelli Rosa Rosell Lester Josue P érez Ana Moreno Llilianne Ganges Source Type: research

The influence of experimental infection of gilts with swine H1N2 influenza A virus during the second month of gestation on the course of pregnancy, reproduction parameters and clinical status
Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that infection of pregnant gilts with swine H1N2 IAV in the second month of pregnancy does not cause abortion and other reproduction disorders. No evidence for transplacental transmission of swine H1N2 IAV was found. However, due to subclinical course of influenza in the present experiment caution should be taken in extrapolating these results to the cases of acute influenza. The other limitation is IAV diversity. It cannot be excluded that other subtypes of IAV could be associated to reproduction failure in pigs.
Source: BioMed Central - June 4, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Krzysztof KwitMa¿gorzata Pomorska-MólIwona Markowska-Daniel Source Type: research

Changes Introduced in the Open Reading Frame of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus During Serial Infection of Pregnant Swine
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most economically important viruses of cattle, but this pathogen is also able to infect pigs, camelids, and a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants. BVDV isolates circulating in animal populations are genetically and antigenically highly diverse. Acute BVDV infections in cattle cause the introduction of many substitutions in the viral genome. Serial infection of pregnant sheep with a BVDV-1b isolate of bovine origin was also associated with great numbers of substitutions. To our knowledge, genomic changes arising during BVDV infections in swine have not been investigated...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - June 9, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Variations in clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions of African swine fever in domestic pigs in the southern highlands of Tanzania: a field experience
AbstractAfrican swine fever is a contagious viral disease responsible for up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. A longitudinal study was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and anatomical distribution of gross lesions in affected pigs in Mbeya region, Tanzania during the 2010 to 2014 outbreaks. Data were collected during clinical and postmortem examination by field veterinarians and using a structured questionnaire. A total of 118 respondents (100%) showed awareness about African swine fever. During previous outbreaks, the mortality rate was almost 100%, while in 2014 it was estimated to be less than 50%...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - December 2, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Are Pharmacological Interventions Between Conception and Birth Effective in Improving Reproductive Outcomes in North American Swine?
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of using pharmacological compounds on reproductive outcomes, particularly litter size, in North American swine. While the opportunity to improve reproduction in North American pigs exists, numerous hurdles need to be overcome in order to achieve measureable results. In the swine industry, the majority of piglet losses are incurred during pregnancy and around farrowing. Over the last 20 years, a reduction in losses has been achieved through genetic selection and nutritional management; however, these topics are the focus of other reviews. This review will evalua...
Source: Reproduction in Domestic Animals - June 1, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: JM Wessels, K Khalaj, RT Kridli, AK Edwards, M Bidarimath, C Tayade Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Establishment of major histocompatibility complex homozygous gnotobiotic miniature swine colony for xenotransplantation
Abstract To overcome shortages of human donor organs for organ failure patients, we made a commitment to develop gnotobiotic miniature swine as an alternative organ donor source for xenotransplantation. For this, we have constructed an absolute barrier‐sustained gnotobiotic facility. Pregnant sows of gnotobiotic miniature swine, were procured and germfree piglets were obtained by hysterectomy. These were maintained in germfree isolators for about 4 weeks, deprived of colostrum and were fed sterilized soybean milk. They were associated with di‐flora, anaerobic Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. After confirmation o...
Source: Animal Science Journal - December 9, 2014 Category: Zoology Authors: Jeong Ho Hwang, Mukesh Kumar Gupta, Chan Kyu Park, Yoon Berm Kim, Hoon Taek Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Protection against transplacental transmission of moderately virulent classical swine fever virus using live marker vaccine "CP7_E2alf".
Abstract Classical swine fever (CSF) remains as one of the most important infectious diseases of swine. While prophylactic vaccination is usually prohibited in free countries with industrialized pig production, emergency vaccination is still foreseen. In this context, marker vaccines are preferred as they can reduce the impact on trade. The live-attenuated Suvaxyn® CSF Marker vaccine by Zoetis (based on pestivirus chimera "CP7_E2alf"), was recently licensed by the European Medicines Agency. Its efficacy for the individual animal had been shown in prior studies, but questions remained regarding protection against ...
Source: Vaccine - June 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Henke J, Carlson J, Zani L, Leidenberger S, Schwaiger T, Schlottau K, Teifke JP, Schröder C, Beer M, Blome S Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 775: Decrypting the Origin and Pathogenesis in Pregnant Ewes of a New Ovine Pestivirus Closely Related to Classical Swine Fever Virus
This study shows the origin and the pathogenic role of a novel ovine pestivirus (OVPV) isolated in 2017 in Italy, as a pathogenic agent causing severe abortions after infection in pregnant ewes and high capacity for virus trans-placental transmission as well as the birth of lambs suffering OVPV-persistent infection. The OVPV infection induced early antibody response detected by the specific ELISA against classical swine fever virus (CSFV), another important virus affecting swine. The neutralizing antibody response were similar against CSFV strains from genotype 2 and the OVPV. These viruses showed high identity in the B/C ...
Source: Viruses - July 16, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Miaomiao Wang Enrica Sozzi Jos é Alejandro Bohórquez M ònica Alberch Joan Pujols Guillermo Cantero Alessandra Gaffuri Davide Lelli Rosa Rosell Albert Bensaid Mariano Domingo Lester Josue P érez Ana Moreno Llilianne Ganges Tags: Article Source Type: research